(function (factory) {

    if (typeof define === 'function') {
        define('underscore.string', [], factory);
    }
    else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
        factory(require, exports, module);
    }
    else {
        factory();
    }

})(function (require, exports, module) {

    // Underscore.string
    // (c) 2010 Esa-Matti Suuronen <esa-matti aet suuronen dot org>
    // Underscore.strings is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.
    // Documentation: https://github.com/epeli/underscore.string
    // Some code is borrowed from MooTools and Alexandru Marasteanu.

    // Version 2.0.0

    (function (root) {
        'use strict';

        // Defining helper functions.

        var nativeTrim = String.prototype.trim;

        var parseNumber = function (source) { return source * 1 || 0; };

        var strRepeat = function (i, m) {
            for (var o = []; m > 0; o[--m] = i) { }
            return o.join('');
        };

        var slice = function (a) {
            return Array.prototype.slice.call(a);
        };

        var defaultToWhiteSpace = function (characters) {
            if (characters) {
                return _s.escapeRegExp(characters);
            }
            return '\\s';
        };

        var sArgs = function (method) {
            return function () {
                var args = slice(arguments);
                for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
                    args[i] = args[i] == null ? '' : '' + args[i];
                return method.apply(null, args);
            };
        };

        // sprintf() for JavaScript 0.7-beta1
        // http://www.diveintojavascript.com/projects/javascript-sprintf
        //
        // Copyright (c) Alexandru Marasteanu <alexaholic [at) gmail (dot] com>
        // All rights reserved.

        var sprintf = (function () {
            function get_type(variable) {
                return Object.prototype.toString.call(variable).slice(8, -1).toLowerCase();
            }

            var str_repeat = strRepeat;

            var str_format = function () {
                if (!str_format.cache.hasOwnProperty(arguments[0])) {
                    str_format.cache[arguments[0]] = str_format.parse(arguments[0]);
                }
                return str_format.format.call(null, str_format.cache[arguments[0]], arguments);
            };

            str_format.format = function (parse_tree, argv) {
                var cursor = 1, tree_length = parse_tree.length, node_type = '', arg, output = [], i, k, match, pad, pad_character, pad_length;
                for (i = 0; i < tree_length; i++) {
                    node_type = get_type(parse_tree[i]);
                    if (node_type === 'string') {
                        output.push(parse_tree[i]);
                    }
                    else if (node_type === 'array') {
                        match = parse_tree[i]; // convenience purposes only
                        if (match[2]) { // keyword argument
                            arg = argv[cursor];
                            for (k = 0; k < match[2].length; k++) {
                                if (!arg.hasOwnProperty(match[2][k])) {
                                    throw (sprintf('[_.sprintf] property "%s" does not exist', match[2][k]));
                                }
                                arg = arg[match[2][k]];
                            }
                        } else if (match[1]) { // positional argument (explicit)
                            arg = argv[match[1]];
                        }
                        else { // positional argument (implicit)
                            arg = argv[cursor++];
                        } 

                        if (/[^s]/.test(match[8]) && (get_type(arg) != 'number')) {
                            throw (sprintf('[_.sprintf] expecting number but found %s', get_type(arg)));
                        }
                        switch (match[8]) {
                            case 'b': arg = arg.toString(2); break;
                            case 'c': arg = String.fromCharCode(arg); break;
                            case 'd': arg = parseInt(arg, 10); break;
                            case 'e': arg = match[7] ? arg.toExponential(match[7]) : arg.toExponential(); break;
                            case 'f': arg = match[7] ? parseFloat(arg).toFixed(match[7]) : parseFloat(arg); break;
                            case 'o': arg = arg.toString(8); break;
                            case 's': arg = ((arg = String(arg)) && match[7] ? arg.substring(0, match[7]) : arg); break;
                            case 'u': arg = Math.abs(arg); break;
                            case 'x': arg = arg.toString(16); break;
                            case 'X': arg = arg.toString(16).toUpperCase(); break;
                        }
                        arg = (/[def]/.test(match[8]) && match[3] && arg >= 0 ? '+' + arg : arg);
                        pad_character = match[4] ? match[4] == '0' ? '0' : match[4].charAt(1) : ' ';
                        pad_length = match[6] - String(arg).length;
                        pad = match[6] ? str_repeat(pad_character, pad_length) : '';
                        output.push(match[5] ? arg + pad : pad + arg);
                    }
                }
                return output.join('');
            };

            str_format.cache = {};

            str_format.parse = function (fmt) {
                var _fmt = fmt, match = [], parse_tree = [], arg_names = 0;
                while (_fmt) {
                    if ((match = /^[^\x25]+/.exec(_fmt)) !== null) {
                        parse_tree.push(match[0]);
                    }
                    else if ((match = /^\x25{2}/.exec(_fmt)) !== null) {
                        parse_tree.push('%');
                    }
                    else if ((match = /^\x25(?:([1-9]\d*)\$|\(([^\)]+)\))?(\+)?(0|'[^$])?(-)?(\d+)?(?:\.(\d+))?([b-fosuxX])/.exec(_fmt)) !== null) {
                        if (match[2]) {
                            arg_names |= 1;
                            var field_list = [], replacement_field = match[2], field_match = [];
                            if ((field_match = /^([a-z_][a-z_\d]*)/i.exec(replacement_field)) !== null) {
                                field_list.push(field_match[1]);
                                while ((replacement_field = replacement_field.substring(field_match[0].length)) !== '') {
                                    if ((field_match = /^\.([a-z_][a-z_\d]*)/i.exec(replacement_field)) !== null) {
                                        field_list.push(field_match[1]);
                                    }
                                    else if ((field_match = /^\[(\d+)\]/.exec(replacement_field)) !== null) {
                                        field_list.push(field_match[1]);
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        throw ('[_.sprintf] huh?');
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                throw ('[_.sprintf] huh?');
                            }
                            match[2] = field_list;
                        }
                        else {
                            arg_names |= 2;
                        }
                        if (arg_names === 3) {
                            throw ('[_.sprintf] mixing positional and named placeholders is not (yet) supported');
                        }
                        parse_tree.push(match);
                    }
                    else {
                        throw ('[_.sprintf] huh?');
                    }
                    _fmt = _fmt.substring(match[0].length);
                }
                return parse_tree;
            };

            return str_format;
        })();



        // Defining underscore.string

        var _s = {

            VERSION: '2.0.0',

            isBlank: sArgs(function (str) {
                return (/^\s*$/).test(str);
            }),

            stripTags: sArgs(function (str) {
                return str.replace(/<\/?[^>]+>/ig, '');
            }),

            capitalize: sArgs(function (str) {
                return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.substring(1).toLowerCase();
            }),

            chop: sArgs(function (str, step) {
                step = parseNumber(step) || str.length;
                var arr = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ) {
                    arr.push(str.slice(i, i + step));
                    i = i + step;
                }
                return arr;
            }),

            clean: sArgs(function (str) {
                return _s.strip(str.replace(/\s+/g, ' '));
            }),

            count: sArgs(function (str, substr) {
                var count = 0, index;
                for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ) {
                    index = str.indexOf(substr, i);
                    index >= 0 && count++;
                    i = i + (index >= 0 ? index : 0) + substr.length;
                }
                return count;
            }),

            chars: sArgs(function (str) {
                return str.split('');
            }),

            escapeHTML: sArgs(function (str) {
                return str.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
                            .replace(/"/g, '&quot;').replace(/'/g, "&apos;");
            }),

            unescapeHTML: sArgs(function (str) {
                return str.replace(/&lt;/g, '<').replace(/&gt;/g, '>')
                            .replace(/&quot;/g, '"').replace(/&apos;/g, "'").replace(/&amp;/g, '&');
            }),

            escapeRegExp: sArgs(function (str) {
                // From MooTools core 1.2.4
                return str.replace(/([-.*+?^${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');
            }),

            insert: sArgs(function (str, i, substr) {
                var arr = str.split('');
                arr.splice(parseNumber(i), 0, substr);
                return arr.join('');
            }),

            include: sArgs(function (str, needle) {
                return str.indexOf(needle) !== -1;
            }),

            join: sArgs(function (sep) {
                var args = slice(arguments);
                return args.join(args.shift());
            }),

            lines: sArgs(function (str) {
                return str.split("\n");
            }),

            reverse: sArgs(function (str) {
                return Array.prototype.reverse.apply(String(str).split('')).join('');
            }),

            splice: sArgs(function (str, i, howmany, substr) {
                var arr = str.split('');
                arr.splice(parseNumber(i), parseNumber(howmany), substr);
                return arr.join('');
            }),

            startsWith: sArgs(function (str, starts) {
                return str.length >= starts.length && str.substring(0, starts.length) === starts;
            }),

            endsWith: sArgs(function (str, ends) {
                return str.length >= ends.length && str.substring(str.length - ends.length) === ends;
            }),

            succ: sArgs(function (str) {
                var arr = str.split('');
                arr.splice(str.length - 1, 1, String.fromCharCode(str.charCodeAt(str.length - 1) + 1));
                return arr.join('');
            }),

            titleize: sArgs(function (str) {
                var arr = str.split(' '),
          word;
                for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
                    word = arr[i].split('');
                    if (typeof word[0] !== 'undefined') word[0] = word[0].toUpperCase();
                    i + 1 === arr.length ? arr[i] = word.join('') : arr[i] = word.join('') + ' ';
                }
                return arr.join('');
            }),

            camelize: sArgs(function (str) {
                return _s.trim(str).replace(/(\-|_|\s)+(.)?/g, function (match, separator, chr) {
                    return chr ? chr.toUpperCase() : '';
                });
            }),

            underscored: function (str) {
                return _s.trim(str).replace(/([a-z\d])([A-Z]+)/g, '$1_$2').replace(/\-|\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase();
            },

            dasherize: function (str) {
                return _s.trim(str).replace(/([a-z\d])([A-Z]+)/g, '$1-$2').replace(/^([A-Z]+)/, '-$1').replace(/\_|\s+/g, '-').toLowerCase();
            },

            humanize: function (str) {
                return _s.capitalize(this.underscored(str).replace(/_id$/, '').replace(/_/g, ' '));
            },

            trim: sArgs(function (str, characters) {
                if (!characters && nativeTrim) {
                    return nativeTrim.call(str);
                }
                characters = defaultToWhiteSpace(characters);
                return str.replace(new RegExp('\^[' + characters + ']+|[' + characters + ']+$', 'g'), '');
            }),

            ltrim: sArgs(function (str, characters) {
                characters = defaultToWhiteSpace(characters);
                return str.replace(new RegExp('\^[' + characters + ']+', 'g'), '');
            }),

            rtrim: sArgs(function (str, characters) {
                characters = defaultToWhiteSpace(characters);
                return str.replace(new RegExp('[' + characters + ']+$', 'g'), '');
            }),

            truncate: sArgs(function (str, length, truncateStr) {
                truncateStr = truncateStr || '...';
                length = parseNumber(length);
                return str.length > length ? str.slice(0, length) + truncateStr : str;
            }),

            /**
            * _s.prune: a more elegant version of truncate
            * prune extra chars, never leaving a half-chopped word.
            * @author github.com/sergiokas
            */
            prune: sArgs(function (str, length, pruneStr) {
                // Function to check word/digit chars including non-ASCII encodings. 
                var isWordChar = function (c) { return ((c.toUpperCase() != c.toLowerCase()) || /[-_\d]/.test(c)); }

                var template = '';
                var pruned = '';
                var i = 0;

                // Set default values
                pruneStr = pruneStr || '...';
                length = parseNumber(length);

                // Convert to an ASCII string to avoid problems with unicode chars.
                for (i in str) {
                    template += (isWordChar(str[i])) ? 'A' : ' ';
                }

                // Check if we're in the middle of a word
                if (template.substring(length - 1, length + 1).search(/^\w\w$/) === 0)
                    pruned = _s.rtrim(template.slice(0, length).replace(/([\W][\w]*)$/, ''));
                else
                    pruned = _s.rtrim(template.slice(0, length));

                pruned = pruned.replace(/\W+$/, '');

                return (pruned.length + pruneStr.length > str.length) ? str : str.substring(0, pruned.length) + pruneStr;
            }),

            words: function (str, delimiter) {
                return String(str).split(delimiter || " ");
            },

            pad: sArgs(function (str, length, padStr, type) {
                var padding = '',
          padlen = 0;

                length = parseNumber(length);

                if (!padStr) { padStr = ' '; }
                else if (padStr.length > 1) { padStr = padStr.charAt(0); }
                switch (type) {
                    case 'right':
                        padlen = (length - str.length);
                        padding = strRepeat(padStr, padlen);
                        str = str + padding;
                        break;
                    case 'both':
                        padlen = (length - str.length);
                        padding = {
                            'left': strRepeat(padStr, Math.ceil(padlen / 2)),
                            'right': strRepeat(padStr, Math.floor(padlen / 2))
                        };
                        str = padding.left + str + padding.right;
                        break;
                    default: // 'left'
                        padlen = (length - str.length);
                        padding = strRepeat(padStr, padlen); ;
                        str = padding + str;
                }
                return str;
            }),

            lpad: function (str, length, padStr) {
                return _s.pad(str, length, padStr);
            },

            rpad: function (str, length, padStr) {
                return _s.pad(str, length, padStr, 'right');
            },

            lrpad: function (str, length, padStr) {
                return _s.pad(str, length, padStr, 'both');
            },

            sprintf: sprintf,

            vsprintf: function (fmt, argv) {
                argv.unshift(fmt);
                return sprintf.apply(null, argv);
            },

            toNumber: function (str, decimals) {
                var num = parseNumber(parseNumber(str).toFixed(parseNumber(decimals)));
                return (!(num === 0 && (str !== "0" && str !== 0))) ? num : Number.NaN;
            },

            strRight: sArgs(function (sourceStr, sep) {
                var pos = (!sep) ? -1 : sourceStr.indexOf(sep);
                return (pos != -1) ? sourceStr.slice(pos + sep.length, sourceStr.length) : sourceStr;
            }),

            strRightBack: sArgs(function (sourceStr, sep) {
                var pos = (!sep) ? -1 : sourceStr.lastIndexOf(sep);
                return (pos != -1) ? sourceStr.slice(pos + sep.length, sourceStr.length) : sourceStr;
            }),

            strLeft: sArgs(function (sourceStr, sep) {
                var pos = (!sep) ? -1 : sourceStr.indexOf(sep);
                return (pos != -1) ? sourceStr.slice(0, pos) : sourceStr;
            }),

            strLeftBack: sArgs(function (sourceStr, sep) {
                var pos = sourceStr.lastIndexOf(sep);
                return (pos != -1) ? sourceStr.slice(0, pos) : sourceStr;
            }),

            exports: function () {
                var result = {};

                for (var prop in this) {
                    if (!this.hasOwnProperty(prop) || prop == 'include' || prop == 'contains' || prop == 'reverse') continue;
                    result[prop] = this[prop];
                }

                return result;
            }

        };

        // Aliases

        _s.strip = _s.trim;
        _s.lstrip = _s.ltrim;
        _s.rstrip = _s.rtrim;
        _s.center = _s.lrpad;
        _s.ljust = _s.lpad;
        _s.rjust = _s.rpad;
        _s.contains = _s.include;

        // CommonJS module is defined
        if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
            if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
                // Export module
                module.exports = _s;
            }
            exports._s = _s;

            // Integrate with Underscore.js
        } else if (typeof root._ !== 'undefined') {
            // root._.mixin(_s);
            root._.string = _s;
            root._.str = root._.string;

            // Or define it
        } else {
            root._ = {
                string: _s,
                str: _s
            };
        }

    } (this || window));
});